Question 1

Who is responsible if the goods fail inspection at my end?

Accepted Answer

Whatever your contract says, which is why the contract has to say it. Fix in the purchase order the specification and test method, the inspection standard and where inspection takes place, the remedy on failure - rework, price adjustment, replacement or cancellation - who pays for inspection and re-inspection, and the time limit for raising a claim. Also record the Incoterm, because it decides where risk in the goods passed from seller to buyer. Without those terms written down, a failure becomes a negotiation rather than a claim.

Question 2

How many companies should I shortlist, and what should I do first?

Accepted Answer

Three to five is usually the right number: enough to reveal what the real market price and lead time are, few enough to give each a proper brief. Start by sending all of them the same specification and quantity, then compare how completely and how quickly each replies. Narrow to two, verify those two properly through registry checks and a live call, and run a small first order or a paid pre-production sample before committing volume. The second supplier is worth keeping warm even after you choose the first.

Question 3

How can I tell whether a company is really a manufacturer or a trader?

Accepted Answer

Ask directly, then test the answer. Check whether the company's registration lists manufacturing activity, whether process or management-system certificates are held in its own name and for the site it claims, and whether it can show the production step you care about on a live video call at a time you choose. Then ask a technical question that only a maker answers quickly - tolerances, scrap rate, machine capacity, changeover time. Being a trader is not disqualifying, but it changes who can fix a problem and what the price should be.

Question 4

What documents should I ask for, and how do I verify them?

Accepted Answer

Ask for the registered legal name, registration or incorporation number, registered address, and export or tax registration number, then check them yourself in the relevant national register instead of accepting scans. Verify certificate numbers against the issuing body's own register, and check the scope and expiry, since certificates are often real but issued for a different site or product line. Confirm that the bank account is in the same legal name and country as the entity on your contract.

Question 5

What payment method is safest for a first order?

Accepted Answer

One that splits risk. A deposit with the balance against shipping documents, a documentary letter of credit on larger values, or an escrow or trade-assurance arrangement on smaller ones are all reasonable. Avoid paying the full amount in advance to a company you have not checked, and never pay into a personal account or an account whose name does not match the contracting company. Tying the final payment to a passed pre-shipment inspection is the single most useful addition to any of these structures.

Question 6

Is a third-party inspection worth the cost, and when should it happen?

Accepted Answer

On any order where rejecting the goods at your own port would be expensive, yes - inspection typically costs a small fraction of the order value. Timing matters more than most buyers realise. An inspection during production catches a systematic fault while it can still be corrected; a pre-shipment inspection before the container is sealed catches quantity, packing, marking and documentation problems. Agree the inspection standard and sample size in advance, and agree in writing what happens if the goods fail.

Question 7

What questions reveal a company's real production capacity?

Accepted Answer

Ask for monthly output in your own unit, then ask what it depends on: number of lines or machines, shifts run, current utilisation, and the largest single order actually completed in the past year. Ask what proportion of output is exported and to which markets. A capacity figure many times larger than any order the company has actually delivered is a theoretical number. Also ask what they would sub-contract if your order arrived, because the honest answer is rarely nothing.

Question 8

How do I compare quotations when every company quotes different terms?

Accepted Answer

Force one structure. Send an identical brief - specification and tolerances, quantity, Incoterm and named port, packing and labelling, lead time, certificates, proposed payment terms - and ask for the reply against that structure. Then normalise everything to a single Incoterm and a single unit before ranking, and add the costs the seller's invoice never shows: destination terminal charges, brokerage, duty and local taxes, inland delivery. Compare response quality alongside price, because it predicts how the order will run.

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List of General Merchandise Suppliers in Japan - Directory of Multi-Category Product Sellers

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