Bitumen Import Regulations and HS Codes for Oman Market Entry

Importing bitumen into Oman requires navigating a coordinated framework of technical specifications, customs procedures, and commercial registration managed by four distinct authorities. The Ministry of Transport and Communications (MOTC) sets engineering standards for road materials, the GCC Standardization Organization (GSO) mandates conformity certification, the Royal Oman Police (ROP) enforces customs clearance and taxation, and the Oman Chamber of Commerce and Industry governs importer licensing.

Oman Bitumen Import Framework: HS Codes Duties and Regulatory Authorities

The regulatory framework for importing bitumen into Oman is governed by a coordinated structure of technical, customs and commercial authorities. The Ministry of Transport and Communications (MOTC) provides technical oversight for road construction materials, the GCC Standardization Organization (GSO) sets conformity requirements, the Royal Oman Police (ROP) enforces customs regulations, and the Oman Chamber of Commerce and Industry manages commercial registration. Importers must align with all four pillars to achieve compliant market entry.

Ministry of Transport and Communications MOTC technical oversight

The Ministry of Transport and Communications (MOTC) technical oversight defines the engineering specifications for bitumen used in Oman's road network. MOTC mandates compliance with GSO standards for penetration grades, polymer modified bitumen (PMB) and emulsions, and requires type testing certificates for each production batch. The ministry reviews laboratory reports for penetration, softening point, ductility and elastic recovery before approving materials for government tenders. Importers supplying public infrastructure projects must submit product data sheets and third-party test results to the MOTC materials laboratory in Muscat for pre-qualification.

GCC Standardization Organization GSO conformity requirements

The GCC Standardization Organization (GSO) conformity requirements apply directly to bitumen imports through standards such as GSO 1539 for petroleum bitumen and GSO 1740 for polymer modified bitumen. Each shipment must carry a Certificate of Conformity (CoC) issued by a GSO-notified body verifying compliance with the relevant Gulf standard. The CoC covers penetration grade, viscosity, flash point, solubility and specific gravity. Without a valid CoC, customs will detain the consignment at the port of entry and the importer bears all demurrage and storage costs until conformity is proven or the goods are re-exported.

Royal Oman Police ROP customs enforcement

The Royal Oman Police (ROP) customs enforcement administers the Bayan electronic clearance system and applies the GCC Unified Customs Tariff. Customs officers verify the HS code declaration against the commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading and CoC. They assess the 5 percent customs duty on the CIF value and the 5 percent VAT on the duty-inclusive value. ROP also enforces the pre-shipment inspection mandate for bulk bitumen shipments exceeding 20 metric tonnes, requiring an inspection certificate from an approved agency before the vessel arrives at Sohar, Duqm or Salalah.

Oman Chamber of Commerce and Industry registration

Oman Chamber of Commerce and Industry registration is a prerequisite for obtaining an importer of record (IOR) number and a customs card. The chamber validates the commercial registration, tax card and authorized signatory documents before issuing the membership certificate. This membership allows the company to access the Bayan portal, apply for advance rulings on HS code classification and participate in government tenders. Annual renewal is mandatory and lapsed membership suspends customs clearance privileges until reinstated.

According to Trading Economics (UN Comtrade), Oman's imports of mineral fuels, oils and distillation products from Iran were US$9.62 Million in 2024, illustrating the active trade flow in hydrocarbon derivatives that includes bitumen grades.

HS Code Classification Matrix for Bitumen Types Entering Oman

The HS code for bitumen imports into Oman depends on the material origin and composition. Petroleum bitumen falls under heading 2713.20, natural bitumen under 2714.90 and bituminous mixtures under 2715.00. Each heading carries an 8-digit GCC extension that determines the exact duty rate and regulatory treatment. Correct classification avoids customs disputes, demurrage charges and potential re-export orders.

2713.20 petroleum bitumen penetration grades 40/50 60/70 80/100

Heading 2713.20 covers petroleum bitumen including penetration grades 40/50, 60/70 and 80/100 used in Oman's hot climate zones. The GCC 8-digit extension 2713.20.00 applies to straight-run and blown bitumen derived from crude oil distillation. Importers must declare the penetration value and softening point on the commercial invoice to support the classification. Misclassifying polymer modified bitumen under this heading triggers a customs query because PMB requires the 2715.00 heading with a specific GCC extension for modified products.

2714.90 natural bitumen asphaltite and related materials

Heading 2714.90 applies to natural bitumen, asphaltite and related materials mined from deposits rather than refined from crude oil. The GCC extension 2714.90.00 covers these naturally occurring hydrocarbons. Oman customs requires a certificate of origin confirming the natural source and a laboratory analysis showing the mineral impurity profile. Shipments of natural bitumen from Iran declared under this code reached $7.43M in 2024 according to Trading Economics (UN Comtrade), confirming the commercial relevance of this classification route.

2715.00 bituminous mixtures mastics and cutback bitumen

Heading 2715.00 covers bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, bitumen, petroleum bitumen or mineral tar including mastics, cutback bitumen and polymer modified bitumen. The GCC tariff provides multiple 8-digit extensions such as 2715.00.10 for cutback bitumen, 2715.00.20 for bituminous mastics and 2715.00.30 for polymer modified bitumen. Importers of cutback grades MC-30 and RC-250 must use the correct extension to avoid reclassification. Bituminous mixtures from the UAE declared under this heading reached $6.94M in 2024 according to Trading Economics (UN Comtrade), reflecting steady demand for blended products.

GCC 8-digit extension structure and binding ruling process

The GCC 8-digit extension structure adds two digits to the 6-digit HS code to create country-specific tariff lines. Oman applies the GCC Unified Tariff so the 8-digit code is identical across all GCC member states. Importers uncertain about the correct extension can request a binding advance ruling from the Directorate General of Customs through the Bayan portal. The ruling requires a product technical data sheet, safety data sheet, manufacturing process description and a sample laboratory analysis. Once issued, the ruling is valid for three years and binds all customs ports in Oman.

HS Heading	GCC 8-Digit Code	Product Description	Typical Oman Application	Key Declaration Requirements
2713.20	2713.20.00	Petroleum bitumen penetration grades	Hot mix asphalt for highways	Penetration value, softening point, ductility
2714.90	2714.90.00	Natural bitumen asphaltite	Specialty waterproofing, additives	Certificate of origin, mineral analysis
2715.00	2715.00.10	Cutback bitumen MC-30 RC-250	Prime coat, tack coat	Solvent type, viscosity at 60°C
2715.00	2715.00.20	Bituminous mastics	Bridge decks, expansion joints	Filler content, binder type
2715.00	2715.00.30	Polymer modified bitumen PMB	High stress pavements, airport runways	Polymer type, elastic recovery, force ductility

The table above maps each HS heading to its GCC 8-digit extension, typical Oman application and the key declaration fields customs officers verify. Petroleum bitumen under 2713.20.00 dominates highway paving while cutback bitumen 2715.00.10 serves prime and tack coat needs. Polymer modified bitumen 2715.00.30 is specified for high stress zones such as the Muscat Expressway and Duqm airport runways. Natural bitumen 2714.90.00 remains a niche import for specialty waterproofing membranes. Accurate use of these codes ensures the correct 5 percent duty assessment and smooth Bayan clearance.

Customs Duty VAT and Landed Cost Calculation for Oman Market

GCC Common Customs Law 5 percent duty on HS 2713 2714 2715

Oman applies a 5 percent customs duty on all bitumen classifications under HS 2713, 2714 and 2715 in accordance with the GCC Common Customs Law. The duty is calculated on the CIF value declared at the port of entry including Sohar, Duqm and Salalah. Oman's imports of bitumen and asphalt (natural), bituminous or oil shale, tar sands from the UAE totaled $642.55K in 2024 according to Trading Economics (UN Comtrade). This duty rate is uniform across all GCC member states and applies regardless of the bitumen grade whether penetration grade, polymer modified or cutback. Importers must ensure the HS code declared matches the product specification sheet to avoid reclassification penalties.

Oman VAT Law 5 percent on CIF value plus duty

Oman imposes a 5 percent Value Added Tax on the duty paid value which equals the CIF amount plus the 5 percent customs duty. The VAT base therefore compounds the duty amount meaning the effective tax burden on the CIF value is 5.25 percent. VAT is payable at the time of customs clearance through the Bayan system and is recoverable by VAT registered importers through the monthly VAT return filed with the Tax Authority. Non registered importers bear the VAT as a final cost. Accurate CIF valuation including freight insurance and port charges is critical because customs officers verify the invoice against the bill of lading and commercial invoice.

Landed cost calculator template with Platts FOB reference

Landed cost for bitumen in Oman is built on the Platts FOB Jebel Ali benchmark plus ocean freight to the discharge port, marine insurance, 5 percent customs duty on CIF, 5 percent VAT on duty paid value, port handling charges at Sohar or Duqm, and inland transport to the project site or storage terminal. A typical 20 foot container of penetration grade 60/70 bitumen incurs approximately $1500 in port handling and inland trucking costs that vary by distance to Muscat, Duqm or Salalah. Buyers should request a detailed cost breakdown from the freight forwarder before issuing the letter of credit to avoid disputes over demurrage or detention charges.

Duty exemption scenarios under GCC FTA and GSP

Bitumen originating from GCC member states qualifies for duty free entry under the GCC Free Trade Agreement provided a valid GCC Certificate of Origin is presented at clearance. Imports from countries covered by the GCC Generalized System of Preferences such as least developed countries may also enter duty free if the product meets the rules of origin criteria including sufficient transformation. Oman does not maintain bilateral FTAs outside the GCC framework that offer preferential rates on bitumen. Importers should verify the origin status with the chamber of commerce in the exporting country before shipment to ensure the correct certificate accompanies the documents.

Cost Component	Rate or Basis	Applied On	Recoverable
Customs Duty	5%	CIF Value	No
VAT	5%	CIF + Duty	Yes (if VAT registered)
Port Handling	$1,500 per 20ft container	Per container at Sohar/Duqm	No
Inland Transport	Varies by destination	Muscat to project site	No

The table above breaks down the mandatory cost layers for a standard 20 foot container of bitumen entering Oman. Customs duty and VAT are statutory while port handling and inland transport vary by terminal and destination. VAT registered importers recover the 5 percent VAT through their monthly return reducing the effective landed cost by that amount. Port handling at Sohar and Duqm is consistent for bulk and containerized bitumen while trucking costs rise significantly for projects in the Duqm Special Economic Zone or Salalah. Buyers should factor these variables into bid pricing for government tenders.

Technical Standards and Conformity: MOTC GSO and Oman Specifications

Penetration grade selection for Oman climate zones

The Ministry of Transport Communications and Information Technology (MOTC) specifies penetration grade 60/70 as the standard binder for national highways in the northern and interior climate zones where summer pavement temperatures exceed 60 degrees Celsius. Grade 40/50 is approved for high stress sections such as the Muscat Expressway and Barka Sohar Highway where heavy truck traffic demands higher stiffness. Grade 80/100 is restricted to low traffic rural roads and maintenance patching in the cooler Dhofar region. Contractors must submit the penetration grade selection for MOTC approval during the mix design phase before production begins.

Polymer modified bitumen PMB additive approvals

Polymer modified bitumen for Oman projects must use styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymers approved by MOTC through the Central Materials Laboratory. The polymer content typically ranges from 3 to 5 percent by weight of binder and must achieve elastic recovery of at least 60 percent at 25 degrees Celsius per GSO 2719. PMB grades PG 76-10 and PG 82-10 are specified for airport runways at Muscat International and Duqm Airport. Importers must provide a polymer certificate of analysis and a sample for pre qualification testing before the material is accepted for government projects.

GSO test methods and acceptance criteria

All bitumen imports are tested against Gulf Standardization Organization (GSO) methods which align with ASTM and EN standards. Penetration is measured per GSO 333 (ASTM D5) at 25 degrees Celsius with a 100 gram 5 second needle. Softening point follows GSO 334 (ASTM D36) ring and ball method. Ductility at 25 degrees Celsius per GSO 335 (ASTM D113) must exceed 100 centimeters for penetration grades. Viscosity at 135 degrees Celsius per GSO 1746 (ASTM D4402) must fall within the specified range for the grade. Flash point per GSO 336 (ASTM D92) must be above 230 degrees Celsius for all grades. The Certificate of Conformity references these exact test methods.

Environment Authority restrictions on cutback solvents and PAH limits

The Environment Authority prohibits cutback bitumen containing high aromatic solvents such as creosote or heavy naphtha with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content above 0.005 percent by weight. Only medium curing (MC) and rapid curing (RC) cutbacks with petroleum distillate solvents meeting GSO 1854 specifications are permitted for prime coat and tack coat applications. Importers must declare the solvent type and provide a safety data sheet showing PAH analysis. Non compliant cutbacks are rejected at the port and either re exported or destroyed at the importer's expense. This restriction supports Oman's commitment to the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants.

Grade	Penetration (dmm)	Softening Point (°C)	Ductility (cm)	Viscosity @135°C (Pa·s)	Primary Application
40/50	40, 50	52, 60	>100	0.45, 0.65	High stress highways
60/70	60, 70	49, 56	>100	0.35, 0.55	National highways standard
80/100	80, 100	45, 52	>100	0.25, 0.45	Low traffic rural roads
PMB PG 76-10	45, 65	>76	>50 (elastic recovery)	0.50, 0.80	Airport runways expressways

The table above summarizes the key GSO acceptance criteria for the four most common bitumen grades used in Oman. Penetration and softening point define the grade classification while ductility and viscosity control workability and high temperature performance. PMB PG 76-10 replaces the traditional penetration specification with a performance grade system requiring elastic recovery testing. Contractors bidding on MOTC tenders must submit mix designs using these exact parameters. Deviations trigger mandatory re testing at the Central Materials Laboratory delaying project approval.

Pre-Shipment Inspection and CoC Process: Approved Bodies and Timelines

Approved certification bodies for bitumen CoC

Oman requires a Certificate of Conformity for bitumen issued by a body accredited by the GCC Standardization Organization (GSO). The primary approved providers are SGS, Bureau Veritas, Intertek, TÜV Rheinland, and Cotecna. Each body operates under the Gulf Conformity Marking (G-Mark) scheme or the specific GSO technical regulation for petroleum products. The importer or exporter must engage one of these firms in the country of origin to arrange the Pre-Shipment Inspection (PSI). The inspector witnesses sampling from the production batch or storage tank and seals the container or tanker. A draft CoC is issued after the test report is reviewed; the final certificate is released once the commercial invoice and bill of lading are provided. Without a valid CoC, the shipment cannot clear customs at any Omani port.

Required test reports penetration softening point ductility

The CoC application must include a complete test report from an ISO 17025 accredited laboratory covering every parameter in the relevant GSO standard. For penetration grades 40/50, 60/70, and 80/100, the mandatory tests are penetration at 25°C, softening point (ring and ball), ductility at 25°C, flash point (Cleveland open cup), solubility in trichloroethylene, and spot test. For Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) PG 76-10, the report must also show elastic recovery at 25°C, force ductility, and separation test (storage stability). Viscosity at 135°C and 165°C is required for all grades to confirm pumpability. The laboratory must issue the report on its official letterhead with the sample identification, test method references (ASTM or EN), and the authorized signatory signature. Missing any single test parameter is the most frequent cause of CoC rejection.

CoC validity timeline and renewal process

A Certificate of Conformity for bitumen is valid for one shipment only and expires 90 days from the date of issuance. The 90-day window aligns with the typical voyage duration plus a customs clearance buffer. If the vessel is delayed and the CoC expires before the goods arrive at the Omani port, the importer must request a renewal from the original issuing body. Renewal requires a written justification, a copy of the bill of lading showing the revised ETA, and confirmation that the goods remain in the original sealed condition. The certification body may require a re-inspection or a fresh sample test if the seal integrity is doubtful. A renewed CoC carries a new 90-day validity from the renewal date. Planning the inspection within two weeks of the loading date minimizes the risk of expiry during transit.

Common rejection causes and corrective actions

The leading rejection causes are softening point outside the GSO tolerance, ductility below the minimum 100 cm for penetration grades, and failed spot test indicating contamination. Elastic recovery failure below 50 percent is the primary rejection reason for PMB PG 76-10. Documentation errors such as mismatched batch numbers between the test report and the commercial invoice, missing laboratory accreditation scope, or unsigned reports also trigger holds. If a shipment is rejected at the loading port, the exporter must rework or replace the batch and schedule a new PSI. If rejection occurs at the Omani port after arrival, the options are limited to re-export or destruction at importer expense. Engaging the certification body for a pre-assessment audit before formal PSI booking reduces first-time failure rates significantly.

Port Entry Procedures: Sohar Duqm Salalah Bulk and Container Handling

Bulk tanker discharge temperature requirements 150 to 180 Celsius

Bulk bitumen tankers calling at Omani ports must maintain the cargo temperature between 150°C and 180°C throughout the voyage and during discharge. The vessel's heating coils must be fully operational and temperature logs must be presented to the port authority and terminal operator upon arrival. At Sohar and Duqm, the bitumen terminals use insulated shore lines and booster pumps rated for 180°C maximum. The discharge rate is typically 300 to 500 metric tonnes per hour depending on the vessel pump capacity and shore tank availability. If cargo temperature drops below 150°C, viscosity rises sharply and the terminal may refuse connection to protect its pipeline integrity. The master must certify the temperature at the manifold before discharge commences. Demurrage clauses in charter parties should explicitly cover heating delays during port congestion.

Heated storage availability and demurrage risk mitigation

Port of Sohar offers the largest heated shore tank capacity in Oman with multiple tanks maintained at 160°C suitable for both penetration grades and PMB. Duqm has dedicated bitumen tanks operated by the Special Economic Zone authority with similar temperature control but lower total volume. Salalah has limited heated storage primarily serving the southern region and containerized cargo. Importers must book shore tank slots through the terminal operator at least seven days before vessel ETA. Failure to secure a tank slot is the single biggest cause of demurrage. Contracts should include a "tank availability" condition precedent. Using a local logistics agent to monitor tank levels daily and coordinate with the terminal scheduler reduces unexpected wait times. Demurrage rates for bitumen tankers typically range from USD 15,000 to 25,000 per day.

ISO tank and flexitank handling procedures

ISO tanks (T11/T14) and flexitanks are handled at the container terminals of Sohar, Duqm, and Salalah. ISO tanks must arrive with valid CSC plates, pressure test certificates, and heating pads functional for steam or electric heating at the terminal. The terminal provides steam heating bays at Sohar and Duqm; Salalah relies on electric heating pads. Flexitanks must be single-trip, food-grade approved, and fitted with a heater pad compatible with the terminal's power supply. Discharge is via the container terminal's spreader cranes to designated laydown areas with steam/electric hookups. A typical ISO tank discharge to a heated storage tank takes 4 to 6 hours including hookup and heating time. Flexitanks are usually decanted into road tankers directly. Terminal storage free time is generally 5 days for ISO tanks and 3 days for flexitanks before storage charges apply.

Port comparison table clearance days capacity and facilities

Port	Bulk Tanker Berths	Heated Shore Tank Capacity (MT)	ISO Tank Heating Bays	Typical Clearance Days	Primary Catchment
Sohar	2 dedicated bitumen berths	45,000	20 steam bays	3 to 5	Northern Oman, UAE border trade
Duqm	1 dedicated bitumen berth	15,000	10 steam bays	2 to 4	Central Oman, Duqm SEZ projects
Salalah	No dedicated berth (multi-purpose)	5,000	8 electric bays	4 to 6	Dhofar region, Yemen transshipment

The table compares the three Omani ports handling bitumen. Sohar leads in bulk capacity and heated storage volume making it the preferred gateway for large government highway projects in the north. Duqm offers faster average clearance due to lower congestion and direct access to the Special Economic Zone industrial users. Salalah serves the southern market but lacks a dedicated bulk berth so tankers queue at multi-purpose quays extending clearance time. ISO tank heating infrastructure is steam-based at Sohar and Duqm which is faster for high viscosity grades while Salalah uses electric pads. Importers should match the port of entry to the final project location to minimize inland transport cost which often exceeds the ocean freight differential.

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Related reading: Petroleum Products for Road Surfacing: Bitumen & Asphalt Guide.

Conclusion

Compliant entry depends on securing a GSO-notified body Certificate of Conformity for every shipment, registering with the Oman Chamber of Commerce and Industry to obtain an importer of record number and customs card, and declaring the correct GCC 8-digit HS code, 2713.20.00 for penetration grades, 2715.00.30 for polymer modified bitumen, or 2714.90.00 for natural bitumen, to avoid detention at Sohar, Duqm or Salalah. Importers must also budget for the 5.25 percent effective tax burden on CIF value and arrange pre-shipment inspection for bulk loads exceeding 20 metric tonnes before the vessel arrives.

Use the Bayan portal to request a binding advance ruling valid for three years if classification is uncertain, and verify GCC Certificate of Origin eligibility for duty-free treatment on qualifying Gulf-origin material. For live buyer contacts and shipment records that confirm active trade lanes, consult EximDataX.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the HS code for bitumen imports into Oman?

Petroleum bitumen penetration grades 40/50, 60/70, and 80/100 use HS 2713.20.00, polymer modified bitumen uses HS 2715.00.30, and natural bitumen uses HS 2714.90.00. The GCC 8-digit extension is mandatory on the Bayan customs declaration and must match the product technical data sheet.

What is the customs duty rate for bitumen in Oman?

Oman applies a 5 percent customs duty on the CIF value for all bitumen classifications under HS 2713, 2714, and 2715 per the GCC Common Customs Law. Bitumen originating from GCC member states enters duty-free when accompanied by a valid GCC Certificate of Origin presented at clearance.

Does Oman require a Certificate of Conformity CoC for bitumen?

Yes, every bitumen shipment requires a Certificate of Conformity issued by a GSO-notified body covering penetration grade, viscosity, flash point, solubility, and specific gravity. The CoC is valid for a single shipment and expires 90 days from issuance; without it, customs detains the consignment at the port of entry.

Which Oman ports handle bulk bitumen tankers?

Sohar Port, Duqm Port, and Salalah Port handle bulk bitumen tankers with dedicated heating coils and insulated discharge lines. Royal Oman Police customs enforces a pre-shipment inspection mandate for bulk shipments exceeding 20 metric tonnes at these ports before vessel arrival.

What are the MOTC approved penetration grades for Oman roads?

The Ministry of Transport and Communications approves penetration grades 40/50, 60/70, and 80/100 for Oman road construction per GSO 1539. MOTC requires type testing certificates for each production batch covering penetration, softening point, ductility, and elastic recovery before materials are accepted for government tenders.

How long does customs clearance take for bitumen at Sohar Port?

Customs clearance at Sohar Port typically completes within one to two working days when the Bayan declaration, commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, and valid CoC are submitted pre-arrival. Delays occur if the pre-shipment inspection certificate for bulk cargo is missing or the HS code triggers a customs query.

What is the VAT treatment for bitumen imports in Oman?

Oman imposes a 5 percent VAT on the duty-inclusive value (CIF plus 5 percent customs duty), resulting in an effective tax burden of 5.25 percent on the CIF value. VAT is payable at clearance through the Bayan system and is recoverable only by VAT-registered importers via the monthly VAT return filed with the Tax Authority.

Can I import cutback bitumen into Oman?

Cutback bitumen is permitted only for MC and RC grades meeting GSO 1854 specifications with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content below 0.005 percent by weight. The Environment Authority prohibits any cutback exceeding this PAH threshold, and importers must declare solvent type and viscosity at 60°C under HS 2715.00.10.

What temperature must bitumen be maintained at during discharge in Oman?

Bitumen must be maintained between 150°C and 180°C during discharge at Omani ports to ensure pumpability and prevent solidification in insulated lines. Vessel masters must provide a temperature log covering the voyage and discharge period; port operators will reject discharge if the temperature falls below the minimum threshold.

Is there a local content requirement for bitumen suppliers in Oman tenders?

Government tenders evaluated by the Tender Board often include in-country value (ICV) scoring that favors suppliers with local storage, blending facilities, or Omani workforce participation. While not a strict pass-fail threshold for bitumen specifically, higher ICV scores materially improve technical and commercial evaluation rankings.

How do I get an advance HS code ruling from Oman Customs?

Submit a binding advance ruling request through the Bayan portal to the Directorate General of Customs with a product technical data sheet, safety data sheet, manufacturing process description, and sample laboratory analysis. The ruling is valid for three years and binds all customs ports in Oman once issued.

What are the approved testing labs for bitumen CoC for Oman?

Only laboratories accredited to ISO 17025 and notified by the GCC Standardization Organization (GSO) may issue test reports accepted for the Certificate of Conformity. The GSO publishes the current list of notified bodies on its official website; importers must verify the lab's scope covers GSO 1539 or GSO 1740 before commissioning tests.

Sources

• Trading Economics (UN Comtrade) (2024): Oman bitumen and asphalt imports from Iran
• Trading Economics (UN Comtrade) (2024): Oman bitumen and asphalt imports from the UAE